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*help.txt* For Vim version 5.1. Last modification: 1998 Feb 18 VIM help file k Move around: Use the cursor keys, or "h" to go left, h l "j" to go down, "k" to go up, "l" to go right. j Close this window: Use ":q<Enter>". Get out of Vim: Use ":qa!<Enter>" (careful, all changes are lost!). Jump to a subject: Position the cursor on a tag between |bars| and hit CTRL-]. With the mouse: ":set mouse=a" to enable the mouse (in xterm or GUI). Double-click the left mouse button on a tag between |bars|. To jump back: Type CTRL-T or CTRL-O. Get specific help: It is possible to go directly to whatever you want help on, by giving an argument to the ":help" command |:help|. It is possible to further specify the context: WHAT PREPEND EXAMPLE ~ Normal mode commands (nothing) :help x Visual mode commands v_ :help v_u Insert mode commands i_ :help i_<Esc> command-line commands : :help :quit command-line editing c_ :help c_<Del> Vim command arguments - :help -r options ' :help 'textwidth' VIM stands for Vi IMproved. Most of VIM was made by Bram Moolenaar, but only through the help of a lot of people. See |credits|. |quickref| quick reference of most commands |howto.txt| how to do the most common things |tutor| 30 minutes training course for beginners |copying| About copying Vim and Uganda |www| Vim on the World Wide Web |bugs| Where to send bug reports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ list of documentation files: *doc-file-list* |intro.txt| introduction to Vim |help.txt| overview and quick reference (this file) |index.txt| alphabetical index for each mode |autocmd.txt| automatically executing commands on an event |change.txt| delete and replace text |cmdline.txt| Command line editing |digraph.txt| list of available digraphs |editing.txt| editing and writing files |eval.txt| expression evaluation, conditional commands |farsi.txt| Farsi editing |gui.txt| Graphical User Interface |gui_w32.txt| Win32 GUI |gui_x11.txt| X11 GUI |insert.txt| Insert and Replace mode |map.txt| key mapping and abbreviations |message.txt| (error) messages and explanations |motion.txt| commands for moving around |options.txt| options |pattern.txt| regexp patterns and search commands |if_perl.txt| Perl interface |if_python.txt| Python interface |if_ole.txt| OLE automation interface for Win32 |quickfix.txt| quick edit-compile-fix cycle commands |recover.txt| recovering from a crash |repeat.txt| repeating commands |rightleft.txt| right-to-left editing |scroll.txt| scrolling around |starting.txt| starting Vim, command line arguments, initialisation |syntax.txt| syntax highlighting |tagsearch.txt| tags and special searches |term.txt| terminal and mouse |tips.txt| tips on using Vim |uganda.txt| Vim distribution |undo.txt| Undo and Redo |various.txt| various commands |version4.txt| differences between Vim version 3.0 and 4.x |version5.txt| differences between Vim version 4.6 and 5.x |vi_diff.txt| main differences between Vim and Vi |visual.txt| Visual mode |windows.txt| commands for using multiple windows and buffers |help-tags| all the tags you can jump to (index of tags) remarks about specific systems: *sys-file-list* |os_amiga.txt| Amiga |os_archi.txt| Archimedes |os_beos.txt| BeOS/BeBox |os_dos.txt| MS-DOS and MS-Windows NT/95 common items |os_mac.txt| Macintosh |os_mint.txt| Atari MiNT |os_msdos.txt| MS-DOS (plain DOS and DOS box under Windows) |os_os2.txt| OS/2 |os_unix.txt| Unix |os_win32.txt| MS-Windows NT/95 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tag subject tag subject ~ *quickref* |X_lr| motion: Left-right |X_re| Repeating commands |X_ud| motion: Up-down |X_km| Key mapping |X_tm| motion: Text object |X_ab| Abbreviations |X_pa| motion: Pattern searches |X_op| Options |X_ma| motion: Marks |X_ur| Undo/Redo commands |X_vm| motion: Various |X_et| External commands |X_ta| motion: Using tags |X_qf| Quickfix commands |X_sc| Scrolling |X_vc| Various commands |X_in| insert: Inserting text |X_ce| Ex: Command-line editing |X_ai| insert: Keys |X_ra| Ex: Ranges |X_ss| insert: Special keys |X_ex| Ex: Special characters |X_di| insert: Digraphs |X_ed| Editing a file |X_si| insert: Special inserts |X_fl| Using the argument list |X_de| change: Deleting text |X_wq| Writing and quitting |X_cm| change: Copying and moving |X_st| Starting VIM |X_ch| change: Changing text |X_ac| Automatic commands |X_co| change: Complex |X_wi| Multi-window functions |X_vi| Visual mode |X_bu| Buffer list functions |X_to| Text objects |X_sy| Syntax highlighting ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ N is used to indicate an optional count that can be given before the command. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_lr* Left-right motions |h| N h left (also: CTRL-H, <BS>, or <Left> key) |l| N l right (also: <Space> or <Right> key) |0| 0 to first character in the line (also: <Home> key) |^| ^ to first non-blank character in the line |$| N $ to the last character in the line (N-1 lines lower) (also: <End> key) |g0| N g0 to first character in screen line (differs from "0" when lines wrap) |g^| N g^ to first non-blank character in screen line (differs from "^" when lines wrap) |g$| N g$ to last character in screen line (differs from "$" when lines wrap) |bar| N | to column N (default: 1) |f| N f<char> to the Nth occurrence of <char> to the right |F| N F<char> to the Nth occurrence of <char> to the left |t| N t<char> till before the Nth occurrence of <char> to the right |T| N T<char> till before the Nth occurrence of <char> to the left |;| N ; repeat the last "f", "F", "t", or "T" N times |,| N , repeat the last "f", "F", "t", or "T" N times in opposite direction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ud* Up-down motions |k| N k up N lines (also: CTRL-P and <Up>) |j| N j down N lines (also: CTRL-J, CTRL-N, <NL>, and <Down>) |-| N - up N lines, on the first non-blank character |+| N + down N lines, on the first non-blank character (also: CTRL-M and <CR>) |_| N _ down N-1 lines, on the first non-blank character |G| N G goto line N (default: last line), on the first non-blank character |gg| N gg goto line N (default: first line), on the first non-blank character |N%| N % goto line N percentage down in the file. N must be given, otherwise it is the |%| command. |gk| N gk up N screen lines (differs from "k" when line wraps) |gj| N gj down N screen lines (differs from "j" when line wraps) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_tm* Text object motions |w| N w N words forward |W| N W N blank-separated WORDS forward |e| N e forward to the end of the Nth word |E| N E forward to the end of the Nth blank-separated WORD |b| N b N words backward |B| N B N blank-separated WORDS backward |ge| N ge backward to the end of the Nth word |gE| N gE backward to the end of the Nth blank-separated WORD |)| N ) N sentences forward |(| N ( N sentences backward |}| N } N paragraphs forward |{| N { N paragraphs backward |]]| N ]] N sections forward, at start of section |[[| N [[ N sections backward, at start of section |][| N ][ N sections forward, at end of section |[]| N [] N sections backward, at end of section |[(| N [( N times back to unclosed '(' |[{| N [{ N times back to unclosed '{' |])| N ]) N times forward to unclosed ')' |]}| N ]} N times forward to unclosed '}' |[#| N [# N times back to unclosed "#if" or "#else" |]#| N ]# N times forward to unclosed "#else" or "#endif" |[star| N [* N times back to start of comment "/*" |]star| N ]* N times forward to end of comment "*/" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_pa* Pattern searches |/| N /{pattern}[/[offset]]<CR> search forward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern} |?| N ?{pattern}[?[offset]]<CR> search backward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern} |/<CR>| N /<CR> repeat last search, in the forward direction |?<CR>| N ?<CR> repeat last search, in the backward direction |n| N n repeat last search |N| N N repeat last search, in opposite direction |star| N * search forward for the identifier under the cursor |#| N # search backward for the identifier under the cursor |gstar| N g* like "*", but also find partial matches |g#| N g# like "#", but also find partial matches |gd| gd goto local declaration of identifier under the cursor |gD| gD goto global declaration of identifier under the cursor |pattern| Special characters in search patterns meaning magic nomagic ~ matches any single character . \. matches start of line ^ ^ matches <EOL> $ $ matches start of word \< \< matches end of word \> \> matches a single char from the range [a-z] \[a-z] matches a single char not in the range [^a-z] \[^a-z] matches an identifier char \i \i idem but excluding digits \I \I matches a keyword character \k \k idem but excluding digits \K \K matches a file name character \f \f idem but excluding digits \F \F matches a printable character \p \p idem but excluding digits \P \P matches a white space character \s \s matches a non-white space character \S \S matches <Esc> \e \e matches <Tab> \t \t matches <CR> \r \r matches <BS> \b \b matches 0 or more of the preceding atom * \* matches 1 or more of the preceding atom \+ \+ matches 0 or 1 of the preceding atom \= \= separates two branches \| \| group a pattern into an atom   |search-offset| Offsets allowed after search command [num] [num] lines downwards, in column 1 +[num] [num] lines downwards, in column 1 -[num] [num] lines upwards, in column 1 e[+num] [num] characters to the right of the end of the match e[-num] [num] characters to the left of the end of the match s[+num] [num] characters to the right of the start of the match s[-num] [num] characters to the left of the start of the match b[+num] [num] characters to the right of the start (begin) of the match b[-num] [num] characters to the left of the start (begin) of the match ;{search command} execute {search command} next ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ma* Marks and motions |m| m<a-zA-Z> mark current position with mark <a-zA-Z> |`a| `<a-z> go to mark <a-z> within current file |`A| `<A-Z> go to mark <A-Z> in any file |`0| `<0-9> go to the position where Vim was last exited |``| `` go to the position before the last jump |`quote| `" go to the position when last editing this file |`[| `[ go to the start of the previously operated or put text |`]| `] go to the end of the previously operated or put text |`<| `< go to the start of the (previous) Visual area |`>| `> go to the end of the (previous) Visual area |'| '<a-zA-Z0-9[]'"<>> same as `, but on the first non-blank in the line |:marks| :marks print the active marks |CTRL-O| N CTRL-O go to Nth older position in jump list |CTRL-I| N CTRL-I go to Nth newer position in jump list |:ju| :ju[mps] print the jump list ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_vm* Various motions |%| % find the next brace, bracket, comment, or "#if"/ "#else"/"#endif" in this line and go to its match |H| N H go to the Nth line in the window, on the first non-blank |M| M go to the middle line in the window, on the first non-blank |L| N L go to the Nth line from the bottom, on the first non-blank ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ta* Using tags |:ta| :ta[g][!] {tag} Jump to tag {tag} |:ta| :[count]ta[g][!] Jump to [count]'th newer tag in tag list |CTRL-]| CTRL-] Jump to the tag under cursor, unless changes have been made |CTRL-T| N CTRL-T Jump back from Nth older tag in tag list |:po| :[count]po[p][!] Jump back from [count]'th older tag in tag list |:tags| :tags Print tag list |:ts| :ts[elect][!] [tag] List matching tags and select one to jump to |:tnext| :[count]tn[ext][!] Jump to [count]'th next matching tag |:tp| :[count]tp[revious][!] Jump to [count]'th previous matching tag |:tr| :[count]tr[ewind][!] Jump to [count]'th matching tag |:tl| :tl[ast][!] Jump to last matching tag ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_sc* Scrolling |CTRL-E| N CTRL-E window N lines downwards (default: 1) |CTRL-D| N CTRL-D window N lines Downwards (default: 1/2 window) |CTRL-F| N CTRL-F window N pages Forwards (downwards) |CTRL-Y| N CTRL-Y window N lines upwards (default: 1) |CTRL-U| N CTRL-U window N lines Upwards (default: 1/2 window) |CTRL-B| N CTRL-B window N pages Backwards (upwards) |z<CR>| z<CR> or zt redraw, current line at top of window |z.| z. or zz redraw, current line at center of window |z-| z- or zb redraw, current line at bottom of window |zh| N zh scroll screen N characters to the right |zl| N zl scroll screen N characters to the left ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_in* Inserting text |a| N a append text after the cursor (N times) |A| N A append text at the end of the line (N times) |i| N i insert text before the cursor (N times) (also: <Insert>) |I| N I insert text before the first non-blank in the line (N times) |gI| N gI insert text in column 1 (N times) |o| N o open a new line below the current line, append text (N times) |O| N O open a new line above the current line, append text (N times) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ai* Keys in Insert mode char action in Insert mode ~ |i_<Esc>| <Esc> end Insert mode, back to Normal mode |i_CTRL-C| CTRL-C like <Esc>, but do not do an abbreviation |i_CTRL-A| CTRL-A insert previously inserted text |i_CTRL-@| CTRL-@ insert previously inserted text and stop insert |i_CTRL-R| CTRL-R <0-9a-z%#:.-="> insert the contents of a register |i_<NL>| <NL> or <CR> or CTRL-M or CTRL-J begin new line |i_CTRL-E| CTRL-E insert the character from below the cursor |i_CTRL-Y| CTRL-Y insert the character from above the cursor |i_CTRL-V| CTRL-V <char>.. insert character literally, or enter decimal byte value |i_CTRL-N| CTRL-N insert next match of identifier before the cursor |i_CTRL-P| CTRL-P insert previous match of identifier before the cursor |i_CTRL-X| CTRL-X ... complete the word before the cursor in various ways |i_<BS>| <BS> or CTRL-H delete the character before the cursor |i_<Del>| <Del> delete the character under the cursor |i_CTRL-W| CTRL-W delete word before the cursor |i_CTRL-U| CTRL-U delete all entered characters in the current line |i_CTRL-T| CTRL-T insert one shiftwidth of indent in front of the current line |i_CTRL-D| CTRL-D delete one shiftwidth of indent in front of the current line |i_0_CTRL-D| 0 CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line |i_^_CTRL-D| ^ CTRL-D delete all indent in the current line, restore indent in next line |i_CTRL-K| CTRL-K {char1} {char2} enter digraph (See |X_di|) |i_digraph| {char1} <BS> {char2} enter digraph if 'digraph' option set ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ss* Special keys in Insert mode |i_<Up>| cursor keys move cursor left/right/up/down |i_<S-Left>| shift-left/right one word left/right |i_<S-Up>| shift-up/down one screenful backward/forward |i_CTRL-O| CTRL-O {command} execute {command} |i_<End>| <End> cursor after last character in the line |i_<Home>| <Home> cursor to first character in the line ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_di* Digraphs |:dig| :dig[raphs] show current list of digraphs |:dig| :dig[raphs] {char1}{char2} {number} ... add digraph(s) to the list ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_si* Special inserts |:r| :r [file] insert the contents of [file] below the cursor |:r!| :r! {command} insert the standard output of {command} below the cursor ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_de* Deleting text |x| N x delete N characters under and after the cursor |<Del>| N <Del> delete N characters under and after the cursor |X| N X delete N characters before the cursor |d| N d{motion} delete the text that is moved over with {motion} |v_d| {visual}d delete the highlighted text |dd| N dd delete N lines |D| N D delete to the end of the line (and N-1 more lines) |J| N J join N-1 lines (delete <EOL>s) |v_J| {visual}J join the highlighted lines |:d| :[range]d [x] delete [range] lines [into register x] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_cm* Copying and moving text |quote| "<char> use register <char> for the next delete, yank, or put |:reg| :reg show the contents of all registers |:reg| :reg {arg} show the contents of registers mentioned in {arg} |y| N y{motion} yank the text moved over with {motion} into a register |v_y| {visual}y yank the highlighted text into a register |yy| N yy yank N lines into a register |Y| N Y yank N lines into a register |p| N p put a register after the cursor position (N times) |P| N P put a register before the cursor position (N times) |]p| N ]p like p, but adjust indent to current line |[p| N [p like P, but adjust indent to current line ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ch* Changing text |R| N R enter Replace mode (repeat the entered text N times) |c| N c{motion} change the text that is moved over with {motion} |v_c| {visual}c change the highlighted text |cc| N cc change N lines |S| N S change N lines |C| N C change to the end of the line (and N-1 more lines) |s| N s change N characters |r| N r<char> replace N characters with <char> |~| N ~ switch case for N characters and advance cursor |v_~| {visual}~ switch case for highlighted text |v_u| {visual}u make highlighted text lowercase |v_U| {visual}U make highlighted text uppercase |g~| g~{motion} switch case for the text that is moved over with {motion} |gu| gu{motion} make the text that is moved over with {motion} lowercase |gU| gU{motion} make the text that is moved over with {motion} uppercase |CTRL-A| N CTRL-A add N to the number at or after the cursor |CTRL-X| N CTRL-X subtract N from the number at or after the cursor |<| N <{motion} move the lines that are moved over with {motion} one shiftwidth left |<<| N << move N lines one shiftwidth left |>| N >{motion} move the lines that are moved over with {motion} one shiftwidth right |>>| N >> move N lines one shiftwidth right |gq| N gq{motion} format the lines that are moved over with {motion} to 'textwidth' length |:ce| :[range]ce[nter] [width] center the lines in [range] |:le| :[range]le[ft] [indent] left-align the lines in [range] [with indent] |:ri| :[range]ri[ght] [width] right-align the lines in [range] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_co* Complex changes |!| N !{motion}{command}<CR> filter the lines that are moved over through {command} |!!| N !!{command}<CR> filter N lines through {command} |v_!| {visual}!{command}<CR> filter the highlighted lines through {command} |:range!| :[range]! {command}<CR> filter [range] lines through {command} |=| N ={motion} filter the lines that are moved over through "indent" |==| N == filter N lines through "indent" |v_=| {visual}= filter the highlighted lines through "indent" |:s| :[range]s[ubstitute]/{pattern}/{string}/[g][c] substitute {pattern} by {string} in [range] lines; with [g], replace all occurrences of {pattern}; with [c], confirm each replacement |:s| :[range]s[ubstitute] [g][c] repeat previous ":s" with new range and options |&| & Repeat previous ":s" on current line without options |:ret| :[range]ret[ab][!] [tabstop] set 'tabstop' to new value and adjust white space accordingly ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_vi* Visual mode |v| v start highlighting characters } move cursor and use |V| V start highlighting linewise } operator to affect |CTRL-V| CTRL-V start highlighting blockwise } highlighted text |v_o| o exchange cursor position with start of highlighting |gv| gv start highlighting on previous visual area |v_v| v highlight characters or stop highlighting |v_V| V highlight linewise or stop highlighting |v_CTRL-V| CTRL-V highlight blockwise or stop highlighting ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_to* Text objects (only in Visual mode or after an operator) |v_aw| N aw Select "a word" |v_iw| N iw Select "inner word" |v_aW| N aW Select "a WORD" |v_iW| N iW Select "inner WORD" |v_as| N as Select "a sentence" |v_is| N is Select "inner sentence" |v_ap| N ap Select "a paragraph" |v_ip| N ip Select "inner paragraph" |v_ab| N ab Select "a block" (from "[(" to "])") |v_ib| N ib Select "inner block" (from "[(" to "])") |v_aB| N aB Select "a Block" (from "[{" to "]}") |v_iB| N iB Select "inner Block" (from "[{" to "]}") ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_re* Repeating commands |.| N . repeat last change (with count replaced with N) |q| q<a-z> record typed characters into register <a-z> |q| q<A-Z> record typed characters, appended to register <a-z> |q| q stop recording |@| N @<a-z> execute the contents of register <a-z> (N times) |@@| N @@ repeat previous @<a-z> (N times) |:@| :@<a-z> execute the contents of register <a-z> as an Ex command |:@@| :@@ repeat previous :@<a-z> |:g| :[range]g[lobal]/{pattern}/[cmd] Execute Ex command [cmd] (default: ":p") on the lines within [range] where {pattern} matches. |:g| :[range]g[lobal]!/{pattern}/[cmd] Execute Ex command [cmd] (default: ":p") on the lines within [range] where {pattern} does NOT match. |:so| :so[urce] {file} Read Ex commands from {file}. |:so| :so[urce]! {file} Read Vim commands from {file}. |:sl| :sl[eep] [N] don't do anything for N seconds |gs| N gs Goto Sleep for N seconds ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_km* Key mapping |:map| :ma[p] {lhs} {rhs} Map {lhs} to {rhs} in Normal and Visual mode. |:map!| :ma[p]! {lhs} {rhs} Map {lhs} to {rhs} in Insert and Command-line mode. |:noremap| :no[remap][!] {lhs} {rhs} Same as ":map", no remapping for this {rhs} |:unmap| :unm[ap] {lhs} Remove the mapping of {lhs} for Normal and Visual mode. |:unmap!| :unm[ap]! {lhs} Remove the mapping of {lhs} for Insert and Command-line mode. |:map_l| :ma[p] [lhs] List mappings (starting with [lhs]) for Normal and Visual mode. |:map_l!| :ma[p]! [lhs] List mappings (starting with [lhs]) for Insert and Command-line mode. |:cmap| :cmap/:cunmap/:cnoremap like ":map!"/":unmap!"/":noremap!" but for Command-line mode only |:imap| :imap/:iunmap/:inoremap like ":map!"/":unmap!"/":noremap!" but for Insert mode only |:nmap| :nmap/:nunmap/:nnoremap like ":map"/":unmap"/":noremap" but for Normal mode only |:vmap| :vmap/:vunmap/:vnoremap like ":map"/":unmap"/":noremap" but for Visual mode only |:omap| :omap/:ounmap/:onoremap like ":map"/":unmap"/":noremap" but only for when an operator is pending |:mkexrc| :mk[exrc][!] [file] write current mappings, abbreviations, and settings to [file] (default: ".exrc"; use ! to overwrite) |:mkvimrc| :mkv[imrc][!] [file] same as ":mkexrc", but with default ".vimrc" |:mapc| :mapc[lear] remove mappings for Normal and Visual mode |:mapc| :mapc[lear]! remove mappings for Insert and Cmdline mode |:imapc| :imapc[lear] remove mappings for Insert mode |:vmapc| :vmapc[lear] remove mappings for Visual mode |:omapc| :omapc[lear] remove mappings for Operator-pending mode |:nmapc| :nmapc[lear] remove mappings for Normal mode |:cmapc| :cmapc[lear] remove mappings for Cmdline mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ab* Abbreviations |:abbreviate| :ab[breviate] {lhs} {rhs} add abbreviation for {lhs} to {rhs} |:abbreviate| :ab[breviate] {lhs} show abbr's that start with {lhs} |:abbreviate| :ab[breviate] show all abbreviations |:unabbreviate| :una[bbreviate] {lhs} remove abbreviation for {lhs} |:noreabbrev| :norea[bbrev] [lhs] [rhs] like ":ab", but don't remap [rhs] |:iabbrev| :iab/:iunab/:inoreab like ":ab", but only for Insert mode |:cabbrev| :cab/:cunab/:cnoreab like ":ab", but only for Command-line mode |:abclear| :abc[lear] remove all abbreviations |:cabclear| :cabc[lear] remove all abbr's for Cmdline mode |:iabclear| :iabc[lear] remove all abbr's for Insert mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_op* Options |:set| :se[t] Show all modified options. |:set| :se[t] all Show all options. |:set| :se[t] {option} Set toggle option on, show string or number option. |:set| :se[t] no{option} Set toggle option off. |:set| :se[t] inv{option} invert toggle option. |:set| :se[t] {option}={value} Set string or number option to {value}. |:set| :se[t] {option}? Show value of {option}. |:set| :se[t] {option}& Reset {option} to its default value. |:fix| :fix[del] Set value of 't_kD' according to value of 't_kb'. Short explanation of each option: *option-list* |'aleph'| |'al'| ASCII code of the letter Aleph (Hebrew) |'altkeymap'| |'akm'| for default second laguage (Farsi/Hebrew) |'autoindent'| |'ai'| take indent for new line from previous line |'autowrite'| |'aw'| automatically write file if changed |'background'| |'bg'| "dark" or "light", used for highlight colors |'backspace'| |'bs'| how backspace works at start of line |'backup'| |'bk'| keep backup file after overwriting a file |'backupdir'| |'bdir'| list of directories for the backup file |'backupext'| |'bex'| extension used for the backup file |'binary'| |'bin'| edit binary file mode |'bioskey'| |'biosk'| MS-DOS: use bios calls for input characters |'breakat'| |'brk'| characters that may cause a line break |'cindent'| |'cin'| do C program indenting |'cinkeys'| |'cink'| keys that trigger indent when 'cindent' is set |'cinoptions'| |'cino'| how to do indenting when 'cindent' is set |'cinwords'| |'cinw'| words where 'si' and 'cin' add an indent |'cmdheight'| |'ch'| number of lines to use for the command-line |'columns'| |'co'| number of columns in the display |'comments'| |'com'| patterns that can start a comment line |'compatible'| |'cp'| behave Vi-compatible as much as possible |'complete'| |'cpt'| specify how Insert mode completion works |'cpoptions'| |'cpo'| flags for Vi-compatible behaviour |'define'| |'def'| pattern to be used to find a macro definition |'dictionary'| |'dict'| list of file names used for keyword completion |'digraph'| |'dg'| enable the entering of digraphs in Insert mode |'directory'| |'dir'| list of directory names for the swap file |'edcompatible'| |'ed'| toggle flags of ":substitute" command |'endofline'| |'eol'| write <EOL> for last line in file |'equalalways'| |'ea'| windows are automatically made the same size |'equalprg'| |'ep'| external program to use for "=" command |'errorbells'| |'eb'| ring the bell for error messages |'errorfile'| |'ef'| name of the errorfile for the QuickFix mode |'errorformat'| |'efm'| description of the lines in the error file |'esckeys'| |'ek'| recognize function keys in Insert mode |'eventignore'| |'ei'| autocommand events that are ignored |'expandtab'| |'et'| use spaces when <Tab> is inserted |'exrc'| |'ex'| read .vimrc and .exrc in the current directory |'fileformat'| |'ff'| file format used for file I/O |'fileformats'| |'ffs'| automatically detected values for 'fileformat' |'fkmap'| |'fk'| Farsi keyboard mapping |'formatoptions'| |'fo'| how automatic formatting is to be done |'formatprg'| |'fp'| name of external program used with "gq" command |'gdefault'| |'gd'| the ":substitute" flag 'g' is default on |'guicursor'| |'gcr'| GUI: settings for cursor shape and blinking |'guifont'| |'gfn'| GUI: Name(s) of font(s) to be used |'guioptions'| |'go'| GUI: Which components and options are used |'guipty'| GUI: try to use a pseudo-tty for ":!" commands |'helpfile'| |'hf'| name of this help file |'helpheight'| |'hh'| minimum height of a new help window |'hidden'| |'hid'| don't unload buffer when it is abandoned |'highlight'| |'hl'| sets highlighting mode for various occasions |'hlsearch'| |'hls'| highlight matches with last search pattern |'history'| |'hi'| number of command-lines that are remembered |'hkmap'| |'hk'| Hebrew keyboard mapping |'icon'| set icon of the window to the name of the file |'iconstring'| string to use for the Vim icon |'ignorecase'| |'ic'| ignore case in search patterns |'include'| |'inc'| pattern to be used to find an include file |'incsearch'| |'is'| highlight match while typing search pattern |'infercase'| |'inf'| adjust case of match for keyword completion |'insertmode'| |'im'| start the edit of a file in Insert mode |'isfname'| |'isf'| characters included in file names and pathnames |'isident'| |'isi'| characters included in identifiers |'isprint'| |'isp'| printable characters |'iskeyword'| |'isk'| characters included in keywords |'joinspaces'| |'js'| two spaces after a period with a join command |'keywordprg'| |'kp'| program to use for the "K" command |'langmap'| |'lmap'| alphabetic characters for other language mode |'laststatus'| |'ls'| tells when last window has status lines |'lazyredraw'| |'lz'| don't redraw while executing macros |'linebreak'| |'lbr'| wrap long lines at a blank |'lines'| number of lines in the display |'lisp'| automatic indenting for Lisp |'list'| show <Tab> and <EOL> |'magic'| changes special characters in search patterns |'makeef'| |'mef'| name of the errorfile for ":make" |'makeprg'| |'mp'| program to use for the ":make" command |'matchtime'| |'mat'| tenths of a second to show matching paren |'maxmapdepth'| |'mmd'| maximum recursive depth for mapping |'maxmem'| |'mm'| maximum memory (in Kbyte) used for one buffer |'maxmemtot'| |'mmt'| maximum memory (in Kbyte) used for all buffers |'modeline'| |'ml'| recognize modelines at start or end of file |'modelines'| |'mls'| number of lines checked for modelines |'modified'| |'mod'| buffer has been modified |'more'| pause listings when the whole screen is filled |'mouse'| enable the use of mouse clicks |'mousehide'| |'mh'| hide mouse pointer while typing |'mousetime'| |'mouset'| max time between mouse double-click |'nrformats'| |'nf'| number formats recognized for CTRL-A command |'number'| |'nu'| print the line number in front of each line |'paragraphs'| |'para'| nroff macros that separate paragraphs |'paste'| allow pasting text |'patchmode'| |'pm'| keep the oldest version of a file |'path'| |'pa'| list of directories searched with "gf" et.al. |'readonly'| |'ro'| disallow writing the buffer |'remap'| allow mappings to work recursively |'report'| threshold for reporting nr. of lines changed |'restorescreen'| |'rs'| Win32: restore screen when exiting |'revins'| |'ri'| inserting characters will work backwards |'rightleft'| |'rl'| window is right-to-left oriented |'ruler'| |'ru'| show cursor line and column in the status line |'scroll'| |'scr'| lines to scroll with CTRL-U and CTRL-D |'scrolljump'| |'sj'| minimum number of lines to scroll |'scrolloff'| |'so'| minimum nr. of lines above and below cursor |'sections'| |'sect'| nroff macros that separate sections |'secure'| secure mode for reading .vimrc in current dir |'shell'| |'sh'| name of shell to use for external commands |'shellcmdflag'| |'shcf'| flag to shell to execute one command |'shellpipe'| |'sp'| string to put output of ":make" in error file |'shellquote'| |'shq'| quote character(s) for around shell command |'shellredir'| |'srr'| string to put output of filter in a temp file |'shelltype'| |'st'| Amiga: influences how to use a shell |'shellxquote'| |'sxq'| like 'shellquote', but include redirection |'shiftround'| |'sr'| round indent to multiple of shiftwidth |'shiftwidth'| |'sw'| number of spaces to use for (auto)indent step |'shortmess'| |'shm'| list of flags, reduce length of messages |'shortname'| |'sn'| non-MS-DOS: Filenames assumed to be 8.3 chars |'showbreak'| |'sbr'| string to use at the start of wrapped lines |'showcmd'| |'sc'| show (partial) command in status line |'showmatch'| |'sm'| briefly jump to matching bracket if insert one |'showmode'| |'smd'| message on status line to show current mode |'sidescroll'| |'ss'| minimum number of columns to scroll horizontal |'smartcase'| |'scs'| no ignore case when pattern has uppercase |'smartindent'| |'si'| smart autoindenting for C programs |'smarttab'| |'sta'| use 'shiftwidth' when inserting <Tab> |'softtabstop'| |'sts'| number of spaces that <Tab> uses while editing |'splitbelow'| |'sb'| new window from split is below the current one |'startofline'| |'sol'| commands move cursor to first blank in line |'suffixes'| |'su'| suffixes that are ignored with multiple match |'swapsync'| |'sws'| how to sync the swap file |'tabstop'| |'ts'| number of spaces that <Tab> in file uses |'taglength'| |'tl'| number of significant characters for a tag |'tagrelative'| |'tr'| file names in tag file are relative |'tags'| |'tag'| list of file names used by the tag command |'term'| name of the terminal |'terse'| shorten some messages |'textauto'| |'ta'| obsolete, use 'fileformats' |'textmode'| |'tx'| obsolete, use 'fileformat' |'textwidth'| |'tw'| maximum width of text that is being inserted |'tildeop'| |'top'| tilde command "~" behaves like an operator |'timeout'| |'to'| time out on mappings and key codes |'ttimeout'| time out on mappings |'timeoutlen'| |'tm'| time out time in milliseconds |'ttimeoutlen'| |'ttm'| time out time for key codes in milliseconds |'title'| set title of window to the name of the file |'titlestring'| title to use for the Vim window |'ttybuiltin'| |'tbi'| use built-in termcap before external termcap |'ttyfast'| |'tf'| indicates a fast terminal connection |'ttyscroll'| |'tsl'| maximum number of lines for a scroll |'ttytype'| |'tty'| alias for 'term' |'undolevels'| |'ul'| maximum number of changes that can be undone |'updatecount'| |'uc'| after this many characters flush swap file |'updatetime'| |'ut'| after this many milliseconds flush swap file |'verbose'| |'vbs'| give informative messages |'viminfo'| |'vi'| use .viminfo file upon startup and exiting |'visualbell'| |'vb'| use visual bell instead of beeping |'warn'| warn for shell command when buffer was changed |'weirdinvert'| |'wi'| for terminals that have weird inversion method |'whichwrap'| |'ww'| allow specified keys to cross line boundaries |'wildchar'| |'wc'| command-line character for wildcard expansion |'winheight'| |'wh'| minimum number of lines for the current window |'wrap'| long lines wrap and continue on the next line |'wrapmargin'| |'wm'| chars from the right where wrapping starts |'wrapscan'| |'ws'| searches wrap around the end of the file |'writeany'| |'wa'| write to file with no need for "!" override |'writebackup'| |'wb'| make a backup before overwriting a file |'writedelay'| |'wd'| delay this many msec for each char (for debug) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ur* Undo/Redo commands |u| N u undo last N changes |CTRL-R| N CTRL-R redo last N undone changes |U| U restore last changed line ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_et* External commands |:shell| :sh[ell] start a shell |:!| :!{command} execute {command} with a shell |K| K lookup keyword under the cursor with 'keywordprg' program (default: "man") ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_qf* Quickfix commands |:cc| :cc [nr] display error [nr] (default is the same again) |:cnext| :cn display the next error |:cprevious| :cp display the previous error |:clist| :cl list all errors |:cfile| :cf read errors from the file 'errorfile' |:cquit| :cq quit without writing and return error code (to the compiler) |:make| :make [args] start make, read errors, and jump to first error ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_vc* Various commands |CTRL-L| CTRL-L Clear and redraw the screen. |CTRL-G| CTRL-G show current file name (with path) and cursor position |ga| ga show ascii value of character under cursor in decimal, hex, and octal |g_CTRL-G| g CTRL-G show cursor column, line, and character position |CTRL-C| CTRL-C during searches: Interrupt the search |dos-CTRL-Break| CTRL-Break MS-DOS: during searches: Interrupt the search |<Del>| <Del> while entering a count: delete last character |:version| :ve[rsion] show version information |:mode| :mode N MS-DOS: set screen mode to N (number, C80, C4350, etc.) |:normal| :norm[al][!] {commands} Execute Normal mode commands. |Q| Q switch to "Ex" mode |:redir| :redir >{file} redirect messages to {file} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ce* Command-line editing |c_<Esc>| <Esc> abandon command-line (if 'wildchar' is <Esc>, type it twice) |c_CTRL-V| CTRL-V {char} insert {char} literally |c_CTRL-V| CTRL-V {number} enter decimal value of character (up to three digits) |c_CTRL-K| CTRL-K {char1} {char2} enter digraph (See |X_di|) |c_CTRL-R| CTRL-R <0-9a-z"%#:-=> insert the contents of a register |c_<Left>| <Left>/<Right> cursor left/right |c_<S-Left>| <S-Left>/<S-Right> cursor one word left/right |c_CTRL-B| CTRL-B/CTRL-E cursor to beginning/end of command-line |c_<BS>| <BS> delete the character in front of the cursor |c_<Del>| <Del> delete the character under the cursor |c_CTRL-W| CTRL-W delete the word in front of the cursor |c_CTRL-U| CTRL-U remove all characters |c_<Up>| <Up>/<Down> recall older/newer command-line that starts with current command |c_<S-Up>| <S-Up>/<S-Down> recall older/newer command-line from history Context-sensitive completion on the command-line: |c_wildchar| 'wildchar' (default: <Tab>) do completion on the pattern in front of the cursor. If there are multiple matches, beep and show the first one; further 'wildchar' will show the next ones. |c_CTRL-D| CTRL-D list all names that match the pattern in front of the cursor |c_CTRL-A| CTRL-A insert all names that match pattern in front of cursor |c_CTRL-L| CTRL-L insert longest common part of names that match pattern |c_CTRL-N| CTRL-N after 'wildchar' with multiple matches: go to next match |c_CTRL-P| CTRL-P after 'wildchar' with multiple matches: go to previous match ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ra* Ex ranges |:range| , separates two line numbers |:range| ; idem, set cursor to the first line number before interpreting the second one |:range| {number} an absolute line number |:range| . the current line |:range| $ the last line in the file |:range| % equal to 1,$ (the entire file) |:range| * equal to '<,'> (visual area) |:range| 't position of mark t |:range| /{pattern}[/] the next line where {pattern} matches |:range| ?{pattern}[?] the previous line where {pattern} matches |:range| +[num] add [num] to the preceding line number (default: 1) |:range| -[num] subtract [num] from the preceding line number (default: 1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ex* Special Ex characters |:bar| | separates two commands (not for ":global" and ":!") |:quote| " begins comment |:_%| % current file name (only where a file name is expected) |:_#| #[number] alternate file name [number] (only where a file name is expected) Note: The next four are typed literally; these are not special keys! |:<cword>| <cword> word under the cursor (only where a file name is expected) |:<cWORD>| <cWORD> WORD under the cursor (only where a file name is expected) (see |WORD|) |:<cfile>| <cfile> file name under the cursor (only where a file name is expected) |:<afile>| <afile> file name for autocommand (only where a file name is expected) |:<sfile>| <sfile> file name of a ":source"d file, within that file (only where a file name is expected) After "%", "#", "<cfile>", "<sfile>" or "<afile>" |::p| :p full path |::h| :h head (file name removed) |::t| :t tail (file name only) |::r| :r root (extension removed) |::e| :e extension ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ed* Editing a file |:edit| :e[dit] Edit the current file, unless changes have been made. |:edit!| :e[dit]! Edit the current file always. Discard any changes. |:edit_f| :e[dit] {file} Edit {file}, unless changes have been made. |:edit!_f| :e[dit]! {file} Edit {file} always. Discard any changes. |CTRL-^| N CTRL-^ Edit alternate file N (equivalent to ":e #N"). |gf| gf or ]f Edit the file whose name is under the cursor |:pwd| :pwd Print the current directory name. |:cd| :cd [path] Change the current directory to [path]. |:file| :f[ile] Print the current file name and the cursor position. |:file| :f[ile] {name} Set the current file name to {name}. |:files| :files Show alternate file names. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_fl* Using the argument list |argument-list| |:args| :ar[gs] Print the argument list, with the current file in "[]". |:all| :all or :sall Open a window for every file in the arg list. |:wn| :wn[ext][!] Write file and edit next file. |:wn| :wn[ext][!] {file} Write to {file} and edit next file, unless {file} exists. With !, overwrite existing file. |:wN| :wN[ext][!] [file] Write file and edit previous file. in current window in new window ~ |:argument| :argu[ment] N :sar[gument] N Edit file N |:next| :n[ext] :sn[ext] Edit next file |:next_f| :n[ext] {arglist} :sn[ext] {arglist} define new arg list and edit first file |:Next| :N[ext] :sN[ext] Edit previous file |:rewind| :rew[ind][!] :srew[ind] Edit first file |:last| :last :slast Edit last file ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_wq* Writing and quitting |:w| :[range]w[rite][!] Write to the current file. |:w_f| :[range]w[rite] {file} Write to {file}, unless it already exists. |:w_f| :[range]w[rite]! {file} Write to {file}. Overwrite an existing file. |:w_a| :[range]w[rite][!] >> Append to the current file. |:w_a| :[range]w[rite][!] >> {file} Append to {file}. |:w_c| :[range]w[rite] !{cmd} Execute {cmd} with [range] lines as standard input. |:wall| :wall[!] write all changed buffers |:q| :q[uit] Quit current buffer, unless changes have been made. Exit Vim when there are no other non-help buffers |:q| :q[uit]! Quit current buffer always, discard any changes. Exit Vim when there are no other non-help buffers |:qa| :qall Exit Vim, unless changes have been made. |:qa| :qall! Exit Vim always, discard any changes. |:cq| :cq Quit without writing and return error code. |:wq| :wq[!] Write the current file and exit. |:wq| :wq[!] {file} Write to {file} and exit. |:xit| :x[it][!] [file] Like ":wq" but write only when changes have been made |ZZ| ZZ Same as ":x". |ZQ| ZQ Same as ":q!". |:xall| :xall[!] or :wqall[!] Write all changed buffers and exit |:stop| :st[op][!] Suspend VIM or start new shell. If 'aw' option is set and [!] not given write the buffer. |CTRL-Z| CTRL-Z Same as ":stop!" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_st* Starting VIM |-vim| vim [options] start editing with an empty buffer |-file| vim [options] {file ..} start editing one or more files |--| vim [options] - read file from stdin |-tag| vim [options] -t {tag} edit the file associated with {tag} |-qf| vim [options] -q [fname] start editing in QuickFix mode, display the first error Vim arguments: |-gui| -g start GUI (also allows other options) |-+| +[num] put the cursor at line [num] (default: last line) |-+c| +{command} execute {command} after loading the file |-+/| +/{pat} {file ..} put the cursor at the first occurrence of {pat} |-v| -v Vi mode, start ex in Normal mode |-e| -e Ex mode, start vim in Ex mode |-R| -R Read-only mode, implies -n |-b| -b binary mode |-l| -l lisp mode |-F| -F Farsi mode ('fkmap' and 'rightleft' are set) |-H| -H Hebrew mode ('hkmap' and 'rightleft' are set) |-V| -V Verbose, give informative messages |-C| -C Compatible, set the 'compatible' option |-N| -N Nocompatible, reset the 'compatible' option |-r| -r give list of swap files |-r| -r {file ..} recover aborted edit session |-n| -n do not create a swap file |-o| -o [N] open N windows (default: one for each file) |-f| -f GUI: foreground process, don't fork Amiga: do not restart VIM to open a window (for e.g., mail) |-s| -s {scriptin} first read commands from the file {scriptin} |-w| -w {scriptout} write typed chars to file {scriptout} (append) |-W| -W {scriptout} write typed chars to file {scriptout} (overwrite) |-T| -T {terminal} set terminal name |-d| -d {device} Amiga: open {device} to be used as a console |-u| -u {vimrc} read inits from {vimrc} instead of other inits |-U| -U {gvimrc} idem, for when starting the GUI |-i| -i {viminfo} read info from {viminfo} instead of other files |---| -- end of options, other arguments are file names |--| - Read file from stdin. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_ac* Automatic Commands |viminfo-file| Read registers, marks, history at startup, save when exiting. |:rviminfo| :rv[iminfo] [file] Read info from viminfo file [file] |:rviminfo| :rv[iminfo]! [file] idem, overwrite exisiting info |:wviminfo| :wv[iminfo] [file] Add info to viminfo file [file] |:wviminfo| :wv[iminfo]! [file] Write info to viminfo file [file] |modeline| Automatic option setting when editing a file |modeline| vim:{set-arg}: .. In the first and last lines of the file (see 'ml' option), {set-arg} is given as an argument to ":set" |autocommand| Automatic execution of commands on certain events. |:autocmd| :au List all autocommands |:autocmd| :au {event} List all autocommands for {event} |:autocmd| :au {event} {pat} List all autocommands for {event} with {pat} |:autocmd| :au {event} {pat} {cmd} Enter new autocommands for {event} with {pat} |:autocmd| :au! Remove all autocommands |:autocmd| :au! {event} Remove all autocommands for {event} |:autocmd| :au! * {pat} Remove all autocommands for {pat} |:autocmd| :au! {event} {pat} Remove all autocommands for {event} with {pat} |:autocmd| :au! {event} {pat} {cmd} Remove all autocommands for {event} with {pat} and enter new one ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_wi* Multi-window functions |CTRL-W_s| CTRL-W s or :split Split window into two parts |:split_f| :split {file} Split window and edit {file} in one of them |CTRL-W_]| CTRL-W ] Split window and jump to tag under cursor |CTRL-W_f| CTRL-W f Split window and edit file name under the cursor |CTRL-W_CTRL-^| CTRL-W CTRL-^ Split window and edit alternate file |CTRL-W_n| CTRL-W n or :new Create new empty window |CTRL-W_q| CTRL-W q or :q[uit] Quit editing and close window |CTRL-W_c| CTRL-W c or :cl[ose] Make buffer hidden and close window |CTRL-W_o| CTRL-W o or :on[ly] Make current window only one on the screen |CTRL-W_j| CTRL-W j Move cursor to window below |CTRL-W_k| CTRL-W k Move cursor to window above |CTRL-W_CTRL-W| CTRL-W CTRL-W Move cursor to window below (wrap) |CTRL-W_W| CTRL-W W Move cursor to window above (wrap) |CTRL-W_t| CTRL-W t Move cursor to top window |CTRL-W_b| CTRL-W b Move cursor to bottom window |CTRL-W_p| CTRL-W p Move cursor to previous active window |CTRL-W_r| CTRL-W r Rotate windows downwards |CTRL-W_R| CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards |CTRL-W_x| CTRL-W x Exchange current window with next one |CTRL-W_=| CTRL-W = Make all windows equal height |CTRL-W_-| CTRL-W - Decrease current window height |CTRL-W_+| CTRL-W + Increase current window height |CTRL-W__| CTRL-W _ Set current window height (default: very high) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_bu* Buffer list functions |:buffers| :buffers or :files list all known buffer and file names |:ball| :ball or :sball edit all args/buffers |:unhide| :unhide or :sunhide edit all loaded buffers |:bunload| :bunload[!] [N] unload buffer [N] from memory |:bdelete| :bdelete[!] [N] unload buffer [N] and delete it from the buffer list in current window in new window ~ |:buffer| :[N]buffer [N] :[N]sbuffer [N] to arg/buf N |:bnext| :[N]bnext [N] :[N]sbnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf |:bNext| :[N]bNext [N] :[N]sbNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf |:bprevious| :[N]bprevious [N] :[N]sbprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf |:brewind| :brewind :sbrewind to first arg/buf |:blast| :blast :sblast to last arg/buf |:bmodified| :[N]bmod [N] :[N]sbmod [N] to Nth modified buf ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *X_sy* Syntax Highlighting |:syn-on| :syntax on start using syntax highlighting |:syn-off| :syntax off stop using syntax highlighting |:syn-keyword| :syntax keyword {group-name} {keyword} .. add a syntax keyword item |:syn-match| :syntax match {group-name} {pattern} ... add syntax match item |:syn-region| :syntax region {group-name} {pattern} ... add syntax region item |:syn-sync| :syntax sync [ccomment | lines {N} | ...] tell syntax how to sync |:syntax| :syntax [list] list current syntax items |:syn-clear| :syntax clear clear all syntax info |:highlight| :highlight clear clear all highlight info |:highlight| :highlight {group-name} {key}={arg} .. set highlighting for {group-name} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *bars* Bars example Now that you've jumped here with CTRL-], <2-LeftMouse>, g<LeftMouse>, or <C-LeftMouse>, you can use CTRL-T, CTRL-O, g<RightMouse>, or <C-RightMouse> to go back to where you were. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vim:ts=8:sw=8:tw=78:fo=tcq2:isk=!-~,^*,^\|,^\":